More than 2.2 billion people
are "poor or near-poor", with financial crises, natural disasters,
soaring food prices and violent conflicts threatening to exacerbate the
problem, a United Nations report said today. While poverty is in
decline worldwide, growing inequality and "structural vulnerabilities"
remain a serious threat, said the report by the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP), released in Tokyo. Nearly 1.5 billion
people in 91 developing states live in poverty while another 800 million
are teetering on the edge, it found. "Eliminating extreme poverty is
not just about 'getting to zero'; it is also about staying there," said
the agency's 2014 Human Development Report. "Those most vulnerable to
natural disasters, climate change and financial setbacks must be
specifically empowered and protected. "Making vulnerability reduction
central in future development agendas is the only way to ensure that
progress is resilient and sustainable," it added. UNDP chief Helen
Clark said this was the first time that the annual study looked at
vulnerability and resilience jointly "through a human development lens".
"If life-cycle and structural vulnerability are addressed, and
conscious efforts are made to lift resilience to crisis and disaster,
then I have no doubt that many of the kind of setbacks we see today to
human development can be averted in future," Clark said at an event for
the report's release. The study, entitled "Sustaining Human Progress:
Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience", called for making
basic social services available to all and putting full employment at
the top of the development agenda. "Providing basic social security
benefits to the world's poor would cost less than two percent of global
GDP (gross domestic product)," it said. "A basic social protection
package is affordable so long as low-income countries reallocate funds
and raise domestic resources, coupled with support by the international
donor community." About 1.2 billion people survive on the equivalent of
USD 1.25 or less per day, the UNDP said. "If you are poor, you are
less able to handle several shocks; you may also be disabled, you may
also be older. So you have more layers of things against you," Khalid
Malik, the report's lead author, told reporters ahead of its release
today. Key to dealing with the problem was focusing government policy
on jobs and social safety nets, the study said. "Structural
vulnerabilities are often manifested through deep inequalities and
widespread poverty," it said. "The poor, women, minorities (ethnic,
linguistic, religious, migrant, or sexual), indigenous peoples, people
in rural or remote areas or living with disabilities, and countries
landlocked or with limited natural resources tend to face higher
barriers.
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